Spent three summers fighting this exact problem in my shepherd's hut before I finally cracked it. Insulation helps in winter but in summer it just traps the heat that builds up during the day — especially with any south or west-facing glazing.
A few things that actually made a difference for me:
- External shading before the heat gets in, not internal blinds after the fact. Retractable awning was transformative.
- Thermal mass — sounds counterintuitive but adding some mass (stone tiles on the floor in my case) smooths out the temperature swings rather than letting it spike mid-afternoon.
- Ventilation strategy — open everything up early morning to flush the cool air in, then shut it all down before 10am. Feels wrong but it works.
I run a small Victron setup for power so adding a 12V fan for air circulation was straightforward enough. Not proper air con, but moves the air around and makes it tolerable.
What I haven't done yet is add a mini-split, though I'm seriously considering it now the EV charging setup means I've got decent solar capacity sat there doing nothing on summer afternoons.
What kind of structure are you dealing with — timber frame, metal, something else? Metal-clad buildings are a completely different beast and honestly I'm not sure insulation alone will ever sort those out.